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Culture and Emotion
Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady,
N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity
of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin,128, 203-235.
Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady,
N. (2003). Cultural similarity’s consequences: A
distance perspective on cross-cultural differences in emotion recognition. Journal
of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 92-110.
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Contributed by Dianne Hofner
Saphiere
Next Steps on the Journey…
Developing Personal and
Organizational Intercultural Competence
-
Use intercultural tools in
your everyday work and life, including the ones from
this workshop: Cultural Detective, Four Phase Model, and Diverge-Converge.
Regularly plan a discussion of cultural issues into your team’s agenda, as part
of its normal process.
- Consciously aim to be a cultural informant, and to use others as cultural
informants.
- Purposely develop cross-cultural spaces and techniques in multicultural
work
teams.
- Pay attention to relationship and process as well as task and outcome.
- Volunteer in your community, particularly in social service organizations:
be an
advocate for abused children, teach someone to read…
- Study another language, including sign language. This could improve your
career as well as your mind.
- Read community newspapers or subscribe to magazines representing cultural
groups other than your own. You can also regularly read news on the internet
targeted to special ethnic, religious, racial or national groups.
- Take steps to get to know people and make friends with people who are
different from you. Ask questions, observe, and learn about their world view
and life experience.
- Go to the movies! Include multicultural, international and documentary films
in
your repertoire.
- Listen to music! Again, expand your horizons into ethnic, multicultural
and
international music. Attend live performances with a group of friends.
- Read books that enlarge or deepen your perspective on the world – those
written from another cultural perspective, biographies of key world figures...
- Attend festivals! Ethnic, international…there is usually food, music,
enjoyment
and learning for everyone.
- Take any hobby you have and get involved in it at an intercultural or
international level. The internet or special interest associations can be very
helpful in this regard. When you travel, meet people from that area or country
who are interested in your hobby. Starting with a common interest can make
it much easier to learn to bridge cultures.
- Learn about microenterprise, both for domestic and international development,
and participate! Loans in very small amounts, direct to those who need a step
up, can provide the training and entrepreneurial start-up funds to help a
family or community out of poverty. Several United Nations resolutions note
that microcredit programs are not only helpful in eradicating poverty, they
also contribute to social and human development. This is statistically
particularly true of microcredit to women. http://www.gdrc.org/icm,
http://www.microcreditsummit.org/plus5
- Use your holiday or sabbatical to participate in a project in a community
that
is new to you.
- Be a conversation partner or a homestay family for an international student.
Contact a local educational institution for information.
- Attend events and celebrations in communities different from your own:
religious, ethnic.
- Learn to cook foods from other nations and ethnic groups. Shop in ethnic
and
international grocery stores.
- Reflect on how a meeting or your day might be if you were of a different
gender, age, color, physical ability, or culture. Journal about your insights.
- Buy "fair trade" goods as gifts for family, friends and colleagues.
Such gifts
serve the dual purpose of giving something beautiful and often handmade, and
raising awareness of the advantages of fair trade.
http://www.fairtradefederation.com
- Start or attend a discussion group in your organization or community. You
might choose a book discussion format, reading books from different cultural
experiences, or you might choose something designed to raise awareness of
your country’s foreign policy and international economic and social issues.
- Join any local organization that will allow you to get to know people who
are
interested in cultural differences and inclusion.
- Raise children and grandchildren who respect life and are world-minded:
open,
inclusive, who respect rather than hate, who are bias-free.
- Travel domestically and abroad with a mind to multiculturalism, by using
The
Hippocrene or Passport Guides (in resources, below).
- Invest your money responsibly, through community development banks,
minority-owned banks, community development loans…
Resources
CultureGrams, short introductions to individual nations of the world. Also
InfoGrams, Children's Edition, and interactive games. CultureGrams are available
in English, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. www.http://culturegrams.com
A major publisher in the intercultural field. Excellent analyses of many
of the
world's cultures, and compilations of world film, video resources, and
simulations. A more extensive list of intercultural publishers can be found on the
Sietar Europa website (see “Sietar,” below).
The International Federation for Alternative Trade. Next time you buy gifts
for
friends or colleagues, purchase items made and marketed via fair trade
practices. 160 organizations in 50 countries are linked at
http://www.ifat.org/dwr/index.html
The Miniature Earth, CD-ROM video of "The Global Village."
Created by Allysson
Lucca, lucca@luccaco.com
Newspapers around the world can be delivered to your doorstep or to your
desktop. It’s especially beneficial to read a publication from a country or region
that is distant from your own, to provide you an alternative perspective. It’s
easy to do an online search for newspapers in your area of interest.
OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development), www.oecd.org
22 members of the OECD target giving 0.7% of their Gross Domestic Product
to
foreign aid.
Online translator (free of
cost machine translation; at your own risk)
Read a weekly international news magazine or newspaper, or read them online,
frequently for free. Some examples in English include the Economist,
http://www.Economist.com, the Far Eastern Economic Review,
http://www.feer.com, and The International New York Times,
http://www.nytimes.com/pages/world
SIETAR (Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research), with
branches in various countries worldwide. They hold regular conferences, publish
newsletters and sponsor online chats designed to promote intercultural
understanding. http://www.sietar-europa.org/
A website that includes "101 Tools for Tolerance," including ideas
for yourself,
your home, your school, your workplace, and your community. They have great
resources for use with children as well as adults, a “Declaration of Tolerance,”
and several tests for hidden bias. http://www.tolerance.org/hidden_bias/02.html
Learn more via a daily briefing, U.N.'s development goals, news and reports.
U.N.
programs include the High Commissioner for Refugees, UNICEF for children’s
rights, and UNAIDS.
The World Health Organization, http://www.who.int Travel advisories as well as
educational articles on world health. |
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